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The thermal conductivity of typical double tungstates is from the order to three–four W/(K m) �?which is not terrible in contrast with other laser crystals (Though various instances fewer than for YAG), and reasonably huge in contrast Together with the thermal conductivity of usual Eyeglasses.

We made use of a transmission grating (TG) as being a dispersive element in our stretcher and compressor. A compact configuration was adopted, exactly where the stretcher as well as the compressor shared a single grating much like that in Ref.

Besides its use like a Raman crystal, KGW is usually Utilized in other optical applications, for instance in laser units and for a scintillator in professional medical imaging.

Replacement from the Computer for an even better a person or simply a high-quality adjustment of your Laptop orientation as well as utilized significant voltage is needed to stay clear of this phenomenon. A fast pulse picker may be used to Enhance the nanosecond-scale distinction with the output major pulse.

The calculated Reduce-off wavelengths for the small-wavelength facet are in step with the final trend of blue-shifted spectral broadening to the bandgap of nonlinear material. All of the nonlinear supplies made fair red-shifted spectral broadenings under circumstances of optimal pump pulse energies, with the largest crimson-shift exceeding 2000 nm measured in GGG crystal. Our success disclosed that GGG and BGO (which also experienced the bottom supercontinuum technology threshold) offer you sturdy, optical destruction-free of charge efficiency in a laser repetition rate of 200 kHz, suggesting that these supplies are fantastic possibilities to YAG and KGW for lower threshold, substantial average energy supercontinuum generation while in the in the vicinity of- and short-wave infrared spectral ranges. We also demonstrated that scintillating Houses of bulk products could possibly be commonly analyzed while in the filamentation routine, by means of multiphoton excitation utilizing near-infrared femtosecond laser pulses.

The other was placed with its Np -axis parallel Together with the s-polarized path. A comparison was created among a configuration With all the crystals positioned in the same orientation (

Lastly, we investigated the prolonged-term performances of SC technology in crystal samples less than optimal pumping ailments at bigger laser repetition costs. In doing this, the crystal samples were not translated and retained within a stationary placement with respect to the pump beam throughout the overall measurement. The illustrations illustrating robust extensive-time period performances of SC era in KGW and YAG crystals at large laser repetition prices could be discovered in other places. More particularly, steady efficiency of KGW crystal at two MHz pulse repetition fee under quite related pump beam focusing geometry was described recently30, Whilst YAG crystal shown stable effectiveness for a number of hours at 200 kHz pulse repetition level even with extremely restricted focusing with the pump beam (NA=0.085)32. The very long-expression effectiveness assessments in LSO, LYSO and YSO disclosed gradual narrowing of the SC spectra on the extensive-wavelength aspect that check here happened immediately after a particular exposure time and will be attributed to the optical degradation of such materials. For instance, in LSO, the onset of spectral narrowing was observed following (sim 20) minutes in a laser repetition rate of ten kHz, when in a laser repetition charge of 20 kHz, steady SC era efficiency was noticed just for roughly two min.

The actual spectra had been reconstructed by correcting the calculated spectra having an account to the filter transmission capabilities and with the sensitivity capabilities with the spectrometers at the info write-up-processing phase. The spectral dynamics in each sample was measured by wonderful tuning the pump pulse Electrical power with a pc-controlled attenuator that was built-in within the laser program. Thermal Power meter EM (Ophir 3A-PF-twelve) was used to measure the SC Power which was thereafter used to calculate the spectral Power density with the SC radiation. Every one of the measurements were performed with no translation of your sample with respect to your pump beam.

The 2-pump laser could present approximately a hundred and twenty W energy. Around sixty% of the maximum pump electrical power was utilized in our experiment contemplating the lower functionality with the dichroic mirrors. Beneath this twin-crystal configuration, our cavity supports a 100 W pump ability input, as talked over in Portion two.2. High-top quality dichroic mirrors will probably be made use of Down the road, and laser pulses is going to be stretched to a longer pulse duration.

Even though BGO, GGG, YSO, LSO and LYSO from time to time function laser hosts37, They can be principally discovered as successful scintillators, whose scintillation Attributes are researched really well38. On the other hand, the nonlinear optical Attributes of these crystals and so their potential to function nonlinear products for SC generation especially, and almost every other experiments concerning nonlinear propagation of powerful femtosecond laser pulses, stay incredibly improperly examined. Thus far, GGG, LT23,25 and YSO24 have been only sketchily examined for SC era with Ti:sapphire laser pumping, however, to the most effective of our awareness, none of the investigated elements were being examined with Yb-laser pumping, especially for what concerns their general performance at really substantial (tens to hundreds of kHz) pulse repetition prices.

-switched laser output beneath the two crystal placement configurations. The black line denotes the configuration While using the crystals placed in the exact same orientation, even though the red line is under the configuration of crystals put in orthogonal orientation.

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KGW crystals are employed as Raman scattering supplies mainly because they have potent Raman scattering at a quantity of various wavelengths. Whenever a laser beam is directed onto the crystal, the photons from the laser beam interact with the crystal lattice, triggering many of the photons to scatter in another path.